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Volume II Chapter 9: Substantive Equal Protection

  1. The Two-Tier Approach (No online content)
  2. The Development of an Intermediate Level of Review (No online content)
  3. Suspect Classifications
    1. Lyndon Bains Johnson, Executive Order No. 11246, “Equal Employment Opportunity” (1965)
    2. Donald J. Trump, Executive Order “Ending Illegal Discrimination and Restoring Merit-Based Opportunity” (2025)
    3. Bakke v. Regents of the University of California (1976)
    4. Fullilove v. Klutznick (1980) 
    5. Grutter v. Bollinger (2003)
    6. Gratz v. Bollinger (2003)
    7. Foley v. Connelie (1978)
    8. Trimble v. Gordon (1977)
    9. Los Angeles Department of Water and Power v. Manhart (1978)
  4. Fundamental Rights
    1. Nordlinger v. Hahn (1992) 
    2. Armour v. Indianapolis (2012)
  5. The Future of Equal-Protection Analysis (No online content)

Volume II Chapter 3: Rights Under the Constitution

Chapter 3: Rights Under the Constitution

  1. Rights and the Founding (No online content)
  2. The Fourteenth Amendment (No online content)
  3. Due Process and the Bill of Rights (No online content)
  4. Rights During Wartime and Other Emergencies
    1. Ex parte Milligan (1866)
    2. Korematsu v. United States (1944)
    3. Hamdi v. Rumsfeld (2004)
    4. Boumediene v. Bush (2008)
    5. Roman Catholic Diocese of Brooklyn v. Cuomo (2020)